Key Methods of Waste Management Recycling Converting waste into reusable materials (e.g., paper, plastic, metal). Composting Turning organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer. Landfilling Dumping waste in designated sites (least preferred due to pollution risks). Incineration Burning waste to reduce volume, sometimes generating energy. Waste Reduction (Source Reduction) Minimizing waste production at the source (using less plastic, reusing items). 3Rs Principle Reduce – Use fewer resources Reuse – Use items multiple times Recycle – Process materials into new products